Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear that can trigger severe physical reactions, making one feel out of control. The bouts of fear are known as panic attacks which can occur anytime and anywhere. They can occur unexpectedly or in response to specific situations or phobias. The overwhelming fear can significantly disrupt daily life and cause intense worry about when the next attack will happen.
Determining Diagnosis of Panic Disorder
The diagnostic process of panic disorder primarily involves consultation and unresolved physical complaints. The first step involves seeking medical assistance where a doctor generally asks about the symptoms and performs a physical examination. The purpose of this initial examination is to rule out physical health problems that may be causing the symptoms. If physical ailments are ruled out, your doctor might refer you to a mental health professional.
A mental health professional such as a psychologist or psychiatrist makes the formal diagnosis using criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 is a guidebook, utilized by mental health professionals, for diagnosing mental disorders. The diagnosis of panic disorder is based on recurrent panic attacks followed by at least a month of persistent worry about having another attack. Further, the worry about the implications or consequences of having one more attack or if significant behavioral changes are related to the attacks can also lead to a formal diagnosis.
Common Symptoms of Panic Disorder
People who suffer from panic disorder usually experience fear suddenly and without warning. These episodes of fear are referred to as panic attacks, and they can last for several minutes or longer. These panic attacks usually peak within minutes and cause symptoms such as: racing heart, sweating, trembling, difficulty breathing, feeling of impending doom, chest pain, and feeling weak or faint. Sometimes panic disorder symptoms can be mistaken for physical health problems such as a heart condition.
Treatment Options for Panic Disorder:
Luckily, panic disorder is a treatable condition. Individuals who are battling panic disorder do not have to let their fears control their life. Treatment typically consists of psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy), medications (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), benzodiazepines, etc.), or a combination of both. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help an individual understand their fears and how to react to panic-inducing situations better. Medications can help control the severe symptoms of panic disorder and make them less intense.
Conclusion
Understanding the diagnosis of panic disorder can provide you with a better grasp of this condition, and allow you to support loved ones who might be battling with it. Panic disorder, while a challenging condition, is treatable with the correct therapeutic and medicinal interventions. By seeking professional medical advice, those suffering from this disorder can gain control over their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is panic disorder life-threatening?
Though panic attacks can feel severe and frightening, they are not life-threatening. However, they can significantly impact one’s quality of life and can result in complications when left untreated.
2. What triggers a panic attack?
Various factors can trigger panic attacks, including stress, certain phobias, major life transitions, or a family history of panic disorders. Sometimes, panic attacks occur unexpectedly without any apparent trigger.
3. Can panic disorder be cured?
While there’s no cure for panic disorder, treatments such as psychotherapy and medication can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life. With proper treatment, many people with panic disorder can lead fulfilling lives.
4. How can I prevent panic attacks?
While it might not be possible to prevent panic attacks entirely, managing stress, maintaining a regular sleep pattern, and practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing can help reduce their frequency and severity. It is also essential to seek treatment if you’re experiencing symptoms of panic disorder.
